Consolidated’s Catalina, or “Cat”, was one, if not the most, successful and famous flying boat ever in service. It was widely renowned for its ease of flight, for its durability and for its reliability, its range and versatility.
It originated from the XP3Y-1, which first flew on 28th March 1935, constructed on a demand of the Navy for a replacement of the old Martin and Consolidated flying boats then in service, and was bought right away by the Navy, which ordered sixty of the flying boats build, under the designation PBY-1. Soon thereafter, with the first test flights completed, the Navy ordered the slightly improved PBY-2 and PBY-3. The PBY-4, introduced in 1938, was the first with the complete looks of the well-known flying boat: two Twin Wasp engines, and the unique glass bubbles on the after fuselage. Further models increased engine power and armament as well as adding landing gear in the -5A and -6A models.
This armament, however, was not enough to remedy to Catalina’s main combat weakness: lack of speed. As an ocean reconnaissance plane, range was far more important than speed; but if engaged (and, as one pilot put it, everything that flew attacked the Catalina!), it could mean problems. The Catalina’s rugged construction usually helped to survive attacks that could not be pressed home, but if seriously engaged, the Catalina was a sitting duck.
All variants still in service in 1941 (some had been discarded due to age) saw extensive service in the war, both in the Atlantic and Pacific, in Anti-Submarine Warfare, in search and rescue, in reconnaissance and attack, in freight and mail services, and even as tow plane for gliders. The Cat’s most famous single engagement was perhaps the Battle of Midway. Catalina’s located the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) fleet, and it was Catalina’s, fitted with two torpedoes each, that attacked the IJN invasion fleet at night an hit a Japanese tanker. At Guadalcanal, another Catalina, Brigadier General Roy Geiger’s own, attacked a transport convoy coming down the Slot without success but with much daring. Catalina’s flew over every area of the Pacific in range of air patrols. The plane was introduced in both the Soviet and British forces during the war, and continued to see much service after the war in its old roles, and new roles such as as firefighting planes.